How Long After a Baby Is Born Is It Covered Under the Mother's Insurance?
Having a infant: Stages of pregnancy by trimester
For a meaning person, feeling a new life developing inside your body is an amazing experience, even though you may non always feel your best during all the stages of pregnancy. One of the biggest changes for near pregnant people is weight gain — a pregnant person conveying i babe should gain betwixt 11 and 40 lbs. (5 to 18 kilograms) by the end of the pregnancy, depending on pre-pregnancy weight, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Merely in that location are many other changes as well, and exactly how pregnancy affects the torso can be very unlike from person to person, and even for the same mother from one pregnancy to the next. Some symptoms of pregnancy last for several weeks or months, while other discomforts are temporary or don't bear on everyone the same way.
"Pregnancy is a long, 10-month journey," said Dr. Draion Burch, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Magee Womens Hospital at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Heart.
A normal pregnancy usually lasts about xl weeks, counting from the first mean solar day of the concluding menstrual period, which is around ii weeks before conception actually occurs. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting between 12 and 13 weeks. During each trimester, changes have place in a pregnant person's trunk besides every bit in the developing fetus.
Some medical experts propose that mothers and doctors should as well recognize a "quaternary trimester," which is the 12-week catamenia after birth in which babies are adjusting to life outside the womb and women are coping with maternity and on-going changes in their bodies, according to a newspaper published in July 2022 in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Conception & implantation
Virtually two weeks after a period, ovulation occurs, during which the ovaries release typically one egg, just sometimes ii or more eggs. The egg or eggs tin can be fertilized by a sperm prison cell 12 to 24 hours after release, as the egg travels downward the fallopian tube toward the uterus.
The sex of the fetus is adamant at the time of fertilization, or formulation, and depends on whether the egg receives an 10 or Y chromosome from a sperm prison cell. If the egg receives an X chromosome, the infant will be a girl; a Y chromosome means the baby volition be a boy.
Co-ordinate to the Cleveland Dispensary, it takes most three to four days for the fertilized egg (or embryo) to move to the lining of the uterus, where it attaches or implants to the uterine wall. Once the embryo is implanted, the cells get-go to grow, eventually becoming the fetus and the placenta, which is tissue that attaches to the lining of the uterus. The placenta transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones from the mother'due south blood to the developing fetus via the umbilical cord throughout pregnancy.
First trimester, weeks 1-12
First trimester changes in the female parent:
Pregnant people volition feel a lot of symptoms during the first trimester as the body adjusts to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. In the early weeks, the pregnancy may not be showing much on the outside of her body, only inside many changes are taking place.
Related: Am I pregnant? 12 early signs of pregnancy
One of the first changes is the product of man chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone, which shows up in the blood correct after conception occurs. Levels of hCG tin be detected in a pregnant person's urine almost a week later a missed catamenia. Human chorionic gonadotropin is what's detected in a positive dwelling pregnancy test.
Rising levels of hCG and other hormones, such as estrogen, may be responsible for the waves of nausea and vomiting known equally morning sickness that'south most common during the showtime few months of pregnancy. Despite its name, morning time sickness can occur any time of day.
A pregnant person may besides feel more tired than usual during the get-go trimester, a symptom that's linked with rising levels of the hormone progesterone, which increases sleepiness.
Early in pregnancy, breasts may feel more tender and swollen, another side effect of rise levels of pregnancy hormones. The areolas, the pare around each nipple, will darken and overstate.
A pregnant person's digestive system may deadening down to increase the absorption of beneficial nutrients. But reduced mobility of the digestive system might also trigger such mutual complaints equally heartburn, constipation, bloating and gas, according to the Part on Women'south Health (OWH).
Many parts of the body will work harder during pregnancy, including the heart. Heart rate will increase to pump more blood to the uterus, which will supply it to the fetus.
Likewise the physical changes, expecting mothers may also feel emotional highs and lows in the early months of her pregnancy and throughout it. These emotions may range from weepiness, mood swings and forgetfulness, to fearfulness, feet and excitement.
Related: Mood swings & mommy encephalon: The emotional challenges of pregnancy
Starting time trimester embryo development:
A developing baby is called an embryo from the moment conception takes place until the eighth calendar week of pregnancy.
During the start month of pregnancy the heart and lungs begin to develop, and the arms, legs, brain, spinal cord and nerves begin to class, according to the American Higher of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
The embryo volition be near the size of a pea effectually one month into a pregnancy, Burch said. Around the second month of pregnancy, the embryo has grown to the size of a kidney bean. In addition, the ankles, wrists, fingers and eyelids course, basic announced, and the genitals and inner ear begin to develop.
Afterward the eighth week of pregnancy and until birth occurs, a developing baby is called a fetus.
By the end of the second month, most of the fetus' main organs will have formed, Burch said. At this phase of pregnancy, he stressed, it's extremely important that significant women practice not take harmful medications, such every bit illegal drugs. The first trimester is also the flow when nearly miscarriages and birth defects occur. Between 10% and xx% of known pregnancies end in miscarriages, by and large because the fetus is not developing unremarkably, according to the Mayo Dispensary. Studies have found the risk of miscarriage drops significantly afterwards the 12th week of pregnancy.
As early equally the 10th week of pregnancy, a pregnant person may opt to have a noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT). This testing uses a blood sample from the mother to clarify Dna from the fetus to aid make up one's mind the risk of the baby being born with sure genetic abnormalities, according to MedlinePlus. The female parent tin can also observe out the sex of the infant at this fourth dimension, as well through providing a claret sample that analyzes fetal DNA. None of these tests come in contact with or cause any impairment to the fetus.
During the third month of pregnancy, the fetus' bones and muscles brainstorm to abound, buds for future teeth appear, and fingers and toes grow. The intestines begin to grade and the skin is almost transparent.
Second trimester, weeks 13-27
2d trimester changes in the female parent:
By the second trimester, some of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy may lessen or disappear as the body adjusts to its changing hormone levels. Sleeping may become easier and energy levels may increment.
Nausea and vomiting usually go better and go away, Burch told Live Science. But other symptoms may crop up as the fetus continues its growth and development.
Pregnant people will get-go to feel more than pelvic pressure, Burch said, adding that the pelvis feels heavy like something is weighing it down.
A more visible baby bump appears as the uterus grows beyond the pelvis, and the pare over the expanding abdomen may itch as information technology stretches, according to the OWH.
As the fetus is getting bigger and the mother is gaining more pregnancy weight in the forepart of her body, she may also feel more back pain, Burch said. A 2022 written report published in the Periodical of Personalized Medicine found that while most meaning people experienced dorsum pain, it was worse in those who were not physically agile.
Onetime between the 16th and 18th weeks of pregnancy, a starting time-time mother may feel the first fluttering movements of the fetus, known as quickening, Burch said. Information technology it isn't the first pregnancy, the female parent is likely to feel the fetus kicking, squirming or turning even sooner considering she knows what to expect, he said.
The 20th calendar week usually marks the halfway signal of pregnancy. From nearly 20 weeks, it is possible to develop preeclampsia, a condition characterized by loftier-blood pressure level, co-ordinate to the Mayo Clinic. If left untreated, the condition can lead to serious, fifty-fifty fatal, complications for mother and baby. Other symptoms include rapid weight gain and swelling.
Burch encourages his patients to accept a "baby-moon" — a mini-vacation or weekend getaway — during the 2d trimester, and he said the best time to go abroad is around the 28th calendar week of pregnancy. Expecting mothers are by and large feeling pretty good at this indicate, and there's a lower risk of miscarriage and premature labor. A written report published in 2022 in the periodical PLOS I, found that for hundreds of thousands of babies, their mother's airplane travel had no adverse effects on the baby's nascence weight or gestational age. Withal, some health professionals and airlines may discourage airplane travel afterward the 36th week because at that time birth could exist just around the corner.
Second trimester fetal development:
In the second trimester, the fetus volition be between 3 and 5 inches (seven and 12 centimeters) long, Burch said. Erstwhile between xviii and 22 weeks, an ultrasound may reveal the sexual practice of the baby, if parents want to know this information in accelerate.
Related: Am I having a male child or girl? Ultrasound and sex prediction
By the 4th month of pregnancy the fetus' eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails and the neck form, and the skin has a wrinkled appearance. In add-on, during the fourth month the arms and legs can curve, the kidneys beginning working and tin can produce urine, and the fetus tin can swallow and hear, according to the ACOG.
In the fifth month of pregnancy, the fetus is more active and the mother may be able to feel its movements. The fetus also sleeps and wakes on regular cycles. A fine hair (called lanugo) and a waxy coating (called vernix) cover and protect the thin fetal skin.
By the sixth calendar month of pregnancy, hair begins to grow, the eyes brainstorm to open and the encephalon is quickly developing. Although the lungs are completely formed, they don't still function.
3rd trimester, weeks 28-40
Third trimester changes in the mother:
During the third trimester, as the mother's enlarged uterus pushes confronting her diaphragm, a major muscle involved in animate. Because of this, she may feel short of jiff because the lungs accept less room to expand, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. A pregnant person'southward ankles, easily, feet and face may groovy due to fluid retention and slower claret circulation.
A motherhoped-for will need to urinate more frequently because of the pressure level on her bladder. She may likewise have more than backaches and more pain in the hips and pelvis, equally these joints expand in preparation for commitment. Changes in trunk shape can as well brand a meaning person more than unstable on their feet and more likely to autumn, according to a 2006 study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Her face may develop dark patches of skin, and stretch marks may appear on her abdomen, thighs, breasts and behind. She may besides find varicose veins on her legs.
In the 3rd trimester, the breasts may start to leak colostrum, a yellowish liquid, as they get ready for breastfeeding, according to the OWH. The baby will get-go to drop lower in the mother's abdomen.
False labor, known every bit Braxton-Hicks contractions, may brainstorm to occur as the due date gets closer. A "nesting instinct," behavior exhibited in many mammals, may kick in as expecting parents work on baby-proofing their abode, shop for baby items, prepare the nursery and await their new inflow.
Related: Signs of labor: 6 clues infant is coming shortly
During the terminal weeks of pregnancy, it volition become harder to find a comfortable sleeping position, adding to the increased levels of fatigue, Burch said.
Third trimester fetal development:
By the 7th calendar month of pregnancy, the fetus kicks and stretches, and tin can even respond to light and sound, Burch said. Its eyes tin can also open and close.
During the eighth and 9th months of pregnancy, the fetus gains weight very quickly. Bones harden, but the skull remains soft and flexible and so the caput can fit through the birth canal. Different regions of the brain are forming, and the fetus is able to hiccup, according to ACOG.
The ninth calendar month is the home stretch of pregnancy, and the fetus is getting ready for nascence by turning into a caput-down position in the mother'due south pelvis. The lungs are at present fully mature and prepare to function on their own.
The definition of a full-term pregnancy is when a baby is born afterward 39 to 40 weeks (it used to be 37 weeks), Burch said. This is because babies born at full-term had lower risks of issues with breathing, feeding and regulating their temperature than those born earlier, co-ordinate to the National Institutes of Health.
Quaternary trimester, mail-birth
The period called the "quaternary trimester" begins equally soon equally birth is over. While this tin can be a joyful and exciting time for most new parents, it tin can also be extremely challenging and stressful.
In the weeks and months subsequently the baby is born, the mother'due south torso continues to go through major changes as it heals and recovers from pregnancy and nativity. At the same fourth dimension, the female parent must grapple with the physical and emotional challenges of feeding and caring for a newborn, Dr. Ilona T. Goldfarb, a maternal wellness specialist, wrote for the Harvard Wellness Blog. "Women and their families experience substantial physiological, social and emotional changes," during this fourth dimension, Goldfarb wrote.
Despite the continuing changes and challenges that occur later on childbirth, most mothers visit their obstetrician only once in the weeks afterward birth. Many health experts agree that this lack of attending to maternal health in the fourth trimester is concerning, especially considering that more one-half of pregnancy-related deaths occur later the birth of the child, according to a 2022 written report from the ACOG.
Fortunately, several of these experts are putting pressure on the healthcare community to provide more comprehensive postpartum care. Goldfarb recommends pregnant people come up with a postpartum plan to help anticipate difficulties and how to deal with them every bit they pop upward. She also recommends mothers speak with their obstetrician to acquire more most the kind of postpartum resources they have.
Additional resources
- Mayo Dispensary: Pregnancy Calendar week by Calendar week
- Office on Women'due south Health: Stages of Pregnancy
- American Higher of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Postpartum Depression FAQs
This article is for informational purposes merely, and is not meant to offering medical advice. This article was updated on June 14, 2022 by Live Science contributor Sarah Wild.
Source: https://www.livescience.com/44899-stages-of-pregnancy.html
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